LIFESTYLE NEWS - While much of the Alzheimer’s puzzle remains unsolved, evidence strongly suggests that a proactive approach to memory care can reduce the risk of developing this disease, which at 70% of all cases, is the most common form of dementia.
Dr Ryan Fuller, a psychiatrist specialising in geriatric mental health and practising at the Memory Care units at Netcare Akeso Alberton and Netcare Akeso Parktown, emphasises that committing to healthy ageing and addressing concerns early on are key to lowering the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
“The same applies to managing the condition once diagnosed – like diabetes or heart disease, it requires long-term management to maintain quality of life.
"It is never too late to take action, but the sooner you ask questions, the better your chances of preventing and managing memory loss, a subject which sadly gets swept under the carpet far too often,” he says.
Supporting mental health
Dr Fuller explains that Alzheimer’s is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder involving a naturally occurring protein, amyloid, that builds up and affects brain function.
It has multiple effects on mental and physical health and can be characterised as the disease of the A’s – amnesia (memory loss), aphasia (difficulty with words), apraxia (loss of coordinated movement) and abulia (diminished motivation).
“The emotional toll of an Alzheimer’s diagnosis should not be underestimated, and counselling is essential for individuals and families, before and after confirmation of the disease. Mental health support is crucial for addressing the stigma that surrounds Alzheimer’s and reducing the risk of suicide, which can increase after diagnosis in individuals struggling to reconcile themselves with such difficult news,” he says.
Coping with the reality
According to Dr Fuller, many conditions can present with impaired memory function and assessing for Alzheimer’s requires a medically trained doctor.
This typically begins with a screening questionnaire and usually includes a physical examination, as well as certain medical tests to rule out underlying conditions. Insights and observations from a close loved one will be taken into account.
“Once a diagnosis is confirmed, treatment begins immediately and may include medication such as cognitive enhancers and mood stabilisers, as well as suggested lifestyle changes to support health as the disease progresses.
"Ask about the pros and cons of experimental therapies, which can have side effects, and always consult your doctor before including any herbal supplements in your regimen.
“A sound treatment plan should include a referral to an occupational therapist for a home visit to advise on managing safe mobility around the house, as balance becomes impaired, and to collaborate on a schedule for memory enhancing activities like listening to music, doing puzzles and social activities to reduce isolation and support brain health.
"A memory project including photos, videos and mementoes can be a hugely valuable activity, both for a person with Alzheimer’s and for their loved ones,” he says.
Dr Fuller recommends a complete, multidisciplinary approach to care planning and management, which also includes a clinical psychologist to help transition to this new reality and a social worker to provide a professional, unbiased perspective on protecting the best interests of the person.
“This should include preparing for what lies ahead as the disease progresses in terms of providing care, financial and legal considerations and ensuring long-term wellbeing. High functioning memory clinics offer safe spaces where families and patients can access care confidentially.
“An Alzheimer’s diagnosis is a life-changing event and there is no way to sugar coat it, but with the right blend of support and a proactive approach, individuals can empower themselves, stay connected and continue to experience joy,” he says.
Caring for the carers
Dr Fuller points out that the needs of primary caregivers and loved ones can be overlooked, but support is equally crucial for those who are putting in the daily energy to care for someone with Alzheimer’s.
“Caregiver burnout is real, and it is vital that primary caregivers have sufficient time to recharge their own batteries, physically and mentally. If a professional caregiver is forming part of the mix, it is advisable to ensure that they are a good match in terms of personality type and cultural background. Sharing some meaningful family details, preferences, and dreams or achievements between caregiver and patient can help to establish common ground and highlight the ‘human’ in one another.
“Caregivers can also find further resources and support communities online – the Alzheimer’s Association of South Africa, and Dementia SA are good places to start,” he says.
Take action early on
While it is normal to experience moments of forgetfulness from time to time, Dr Fuller encourages a proactive approach rather than passive acceptance of memory decline for long-term healthy brain function.
“Memory problems can arise from many different causes. Mild cognitive impairment that is persistent, pervasive and not accounted for by a medical condition often precedes Alzheimer’s. This may include being forgetful, missing appointments, losing train of thought, trouble finding the right word, poor judgement, depression, anxiety, irritability and other symptoms. However, with early treatment, mild cognitive impairment can be reversed.
“The stress brought on by retirement is another common problem, particularly among men, which can have devastating effects on brain health.
“It is important to be aware that memory issues do not necessarily mean you have Alzheimer’s but waiting in hope that these problems will subside is not advisable. The sooner you determine the cause of memory impairment and treat it, the greater your chances of reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s. It is recommended that you discuss your symptoms with your doctor and establish a proactive strategy for addressing these,” he says.
Dr Fuller emphasises that in addition to seeking care early on, it is never too late to start making lifestyle decisions that support healthy ageing and brain function:
- Stress management – exercise, breathing techniques and journaling can be effective
- Heart-healthy diet rich in fresh fruit and vegetables, whole grains, pulses and lean protein
- Physical activity – a daily 20-minute walk and regular social sports
- Sleep hygiene – ensuring that your routine and environment support sufficient quality sleep
- Social activity – reach out to friends and family, join community initiatives, stay connected
- A sense of purpose – daily practices that bring you joy, regular expressions of kindness
“The key to addressing dementia concerns is to practise healthy habits, ask questions and take action by seeking professional help. It’s never too late, but sooner is always better,” concludes Dr Fuller.
Dr Ryan Fuller
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