What is normal aging and memory?
As we age, slight changes occur in our cognition (the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses) that affect memory. Simple forgetfulness (the "missing keys") and delay or slowing in recalling names, dates, and events can be part of the normal process of aging. Memory has various forms, though, that might be affected differently by aging.
Recalling new information is slower - it takes longer to learn something new and to recall it.
Other changes that occur with normal aging and cognition are:
- Language is modestly affected by aging. Language comprehension (understanding the rules of language) is preserved, as are vocabulary (semantic memory) and syntax (the way in which words are put together). Some modest decline is seen with spontaneous word finding ("tip of the tongue") and verbal fluency (takes longer to "get the words out").
- While verbal intelligence (vocabulary) remains unchanged with aging, the speed of information processing gradually slows (such as problem-solving skills).
- Executive functions (planning, abstracting) remain normal for everyday tasks, but are slowed when faced with novel tasks or divided attention ("multi-tasking").
- A slowing of the speed of cognitive processing and reaction time ("hitting the buzzer") occur with aging.
Preserving normal memory
Research has shown that more education helps preserve cognitive reserve and delays the onset of dementia. Furthermore, a healthy diet high in antioxidants and olive oil lowers the risk of dementia.
Cognitive training (memory training, reasoning training, speed-of-process training) improves cognition and playing board games (chess, checkers, cards, learning a second language) and musical instrument delays the onset of dementia.
Engaging in social activities also slows cognitive decline and reducing cardiovascular risks (for example, treating hypertension) delays the onset of dementia.
(Source: www.myclevelandclinic.org)
