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BUSINESS NEWS - Alcohol addiction is a complex disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. While behavioural therapies and support groups play a vital role in recovery, medication can also be an essential component of alcohol addiction treatment.
Medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) help individuals reduce cravings and manage withdrawal symptoms, as well as prevent relapse, thereby increasing the chances of long-term sobriety.
Understanding medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for Alcohol addiction
Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) refers to the use of FDA-approved medications in combination with therapy and counselling at alcohol rehabilitation centres to treat substance use disorders. In the case of alcohol addiction, MAT aims to restore chemical balance in the brain, reduce the compulsion to drink, and address withdrawal symptoms that may arise when an individual stops consuming alcohol.
MAT is often used in inpatient rehab programs and outpatient clinics.
There are three primary medications approved for the treatment of alcohol addiction: disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate. Each medication works differently and is prescribed based on the patient's needs and history of alcohol use.
Essential medications for Alcohol Addiction treatment
1. Disulfiram (Antabuse) Disulfiram is one of the oldest medications used in alcohol addiction treatment. It works by interfering with the body's ability to metabolise alcohol, causing an unpleasant reaction when alcohol is consumed.
Symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and flushing occur if an individual drinks while on disulfiram. This aversion therapy approach helps individuals develop a negative association with alcohol, discouraging them from drinking.
However, disulfiram does not reduce cravings for alcohol; it simply acts as a deterrent. Because of this, it is most effective when used alongside therapy and a strong support system.
2. Naltrexone (Revia, Vivitrol) Naltrexone works by blocking the euphoric effects of alcohol, reducing the desire to drink. Unlike disulfiram, naltrexone does not cause a negative reaction if alcohol is consumed, but it diminishes the pleasure associated with drinking.
This makes alcohol consumption less rewarding and can help individuals reduce or stop drinking altogether.
Naltrexone is available in two forms: an oral tablet (Revia) taken daily and an extended-release injectable form (Vivitrol) given once a month. Many individuals prefer the injectable version as it supports adherence to treatment without the need for daily medication reminders.
3. Acamprosate (Campral) Acamprosate helps restore the chemical balance in the brain that is disrupted by chronic alcohol use. It works by reducing withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, and restlessness, which can trigger relapse.
Unlike naltrexone, acamprosate does not block the effects of alcohol but rather helps individuals maintain long-term abstinence by making the transition to sobriety more manageable.
This medication is typically prescribed for individuals who have already stopped drinking and are focused on preventing relapse.
The importance of a comprehensive treatment plan
While medications can be highly effective in supporting recovery from alcohol addiction, they work best when combined with other forms of treatment. Counselling, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and lifestyle changes all play an essential role in helping individuals achieve lasting sobriety.
Also, medication is not suitable for everyone. Factors such as co-occurring mental health disorders and medical history must be considered when determining the best treatment approach. Consulting with a healthcare provider is essential for creating a personalised recovery plan.
Final thoughts
Medication can be a valuable tool in alcohol addiction treatment. However, it is most effective when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes therapy and lifestyle modifications. With the right combination of medical and psychological support, individuals struggling with alcohol addiction can achieve long-term recovery and improve their quality of life.
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